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André
Ligthart Schenk on the way 'Joop' prints in the magazine 'Forum
Book Art, Hamburg 2006':
Joseph Johannes Visser; dangerous techniques on the offset press.
Boys can be utterly inquisitive. So can girls.
Some do their research in a destructive manner: they break up
every thing and spread all parts. It would not make them the wiser.
After their research things don't work any more.
Others do unusual things with their toys: they might transform
their trains into working paddle steamers, a moped is rebuilt
into a go-kart, a radio becomes a guitar amplifier.
Joseph Johannes Visser is an artist/researcher and belongs in the last category. He is indeed a researcher. All his life he has searched the limits of instruments and tools. Joseph's idea is that tools and machines are capable to do a lot more than what they are designed for. This he consequently applies to the simple manual presses just as well as for the most advanced graphic computers, for modern off-set presses, for ink, and for any variety of papers. This to the extreme consequence, the products that he himself makes. Like the calendars for Drukkerij Douma Dokkum (a printer in the Frisian town of Dokkum) that are not just what they seem to be and can have other functions than that of a calendar.
For over ten years Silvia and Nico Douma - Drukkerij Douma
Dokkum - put their printing presses, punching and folding machines
at the artist/researcher's disposal.
This results in a range of closely related products, consisting
of calendars, artist's books, the 'kopperprent' of 2002 (the centennial
commemoration print of Drukkerij Douma Dokkum), small editions
with original grafics and new musical compositions for the carillon
of the town hall, with its new bells. The ultimate proof of Joseph's
non-destructive method, as the new bells were an intagrated part
of some complete action.
Joseph's philosophy
on the possibilities of 'machine and material' originates from
his unconventional approach (that is: not prescribed by convention
or custom). He simply has to, because what he wants to achieve
can not be realized by conventional methods and means. On top
of all that: Joseph is a very curious man: 'there must be more
(between heaven and earth)'. And this always seems to be the case
when investigating his way.
A cooperation like this between an artist and a printer can only exist under strict preconditions. One needs mutual trust to gegin with. The printer needs a certain reassurance that the artist cares enough for the computer and the machinery, will not spill resources or wast time of the employees. The artist needs the liberty to change and interfere in the printing process wherever he rules it necessary, without worrying about efficiency. He must be able to work in an unconventional manner, which asks for active involvement of the man on the machine.
This can last only as long as both parties see profit in such
cooperation. For the printer there are two advantages; he shows
himself as someone with an keen eye for the creative aspects of
his trade, while on the other hand he discovers the extra capacity
in programs and machines that he can use for commercial purposes.
The artist is able to develop his artistic craft, and the technical
knowledge in a way he could from his very own resources never
afford.
This artist, Joseph Johannes Visser, is given the opportunity
to strive for his own goals. Which are these?
It is difficult for an outsider to put this into words, and indeed
summarize. In a wealth of prints and texts Joseph has left the
results of such quests. I will try and describe some of questions
in his pursuit, and I am sure these would never be his words.
a. What developments has the printing industry gone through, in
procedures and technology since Gutenberg, and which role have
graphic artists there.
b. What influence had production processes in printing industry
on the aesthetics in design.
c. What influence had the artists on the development of aesthetics
of printed matter. Take artist so different as Gustave Doré,
Paul van Ostaijen and Hendrik N. Werkman as an example.
Here no answers to
these questions, only a general description of the reflections
Joseph has, related to his position as an artist working in the
printing industry.
Can we see Gutenberg as an inventor of the art of printing? Definitely
not, that is if we put the artistic side first. He was first and
foremost an entrepreneur. He could be called the inventor of 'printing
industry'. His contribution in the first place was the organisation
of capital and the logistics resulting in fast and cheap reproduction
methods of text. Efficiency first. In the centuries that followed
an opinion developed that 'good' printing according to the criteria
of profitability in the printing trade was 'beautiful' printing.
Length of lines, legibility of fonts and page proportions produced
in the printing industry, determined what the reading public learned
to consider as an ideal. Artists were admitted only into the trade
as illustrators. Now and then there have been artists that were
interested in the creative prospects of the printing process.
In the Netherlands before World War II Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman
realised that more could be done with letters and colourful forms
than 'proper' printers alowed. He used letters not only for their
meaning in a word, but also for their abstract shape. He liberated
the letter and made it into an independent graphic element with
expressive value. The Antwerp born poet Paul van Ostaijen used
the shapes of letters and words and their position on the page
as part of the process leading up to expression. Joseph Johannes
Visser is an artist in this tradition: he gaines in-depth knowledge
in the expressive opportunities of the common modern printing
process, and the machinery and tools that are used in the printing
trade.
Closely watching the results is the best way to experience
what proves to be possible when Joseph is left to his own devices
with graphic software, film, offset plate, ink and paper. But
a short explanation can help to focus one's eyes on what's there
to be seen. At the printer's office 'Drukkerij Douma Dokkum' films
are still made with the aid of graphic software. The images are
copied on printing plates. Visser intervenes in every phase of
this process where he thinks it necessary. Putting the 'impossiblities'
he so dearly loves aside, he plays with the graphic software,
he actually manipulates the film and offset plates by adding or
removing elements at any given time. Furthermore he mixes the
inks to gain colour effects that are impossible to achieve with
the separation technique of colour printing. In this way he creates
printings with an extraordinary character. A citation from the
explanation to the fore mentioned 'kopperprent' of 2002: "Visser
drew directly on an existing film with lithographic chalk and
exposed the offset plate with this manipulated film. While printing
in many separate colours, plates and prints were doctored on by
the artist".
The text of the calendar 2005 is printed in silver, olive-green,
gold, deep red and black. The colourful shapes on each of the
six pages, vary from page to page. Some of them resemble lino-cuts.
The intense saturated colours (in all some 20 different colours
are used to make a basis), printed one on top of each other become
more massive on one page, and on an other page they are almost
transparent, silvery purple and green, making unnamed new colours.
Prose texts and poems (in Latin, English and Frisian mainly) describe
many aspects of nature and the human body. On the backside of
each page reproductions are printed of the manuscripts of music
for piano and for chimes. Both texts and compositions are by the
artist himself.
We are left with a question: is this original graphic art or is
it skilful reproduction? What distinguishes original graphic art
from reproduction? Fons van der Linden wrote a booklet published
by Cantecleer, De Bilt in 1992, entitled "Hoe origineel is
grafiek; over het onderscheiden en onderkennen van originele grafiek"
(How original is graphic art; on distinguishing and recognizing
original graphic art), in which he introduces the helpful concept
of 'uitvoeringsconcept' (realization concept) that he defines
as: the choice of techniques by which the work of art is made,
and the development of the idea how to realize it with line, form,
and colour. And he argues: "Because every expressive process
has its own particular possibilities and restrictions, and because
every artist uses these in his own personal way, the artist who
developes and cherishes the concept, and who knows the technical
means at his disposal is the very one to decide on the appropriate
way to realize his work of art. A work of art that was created
during such process, is to be considered an original work of art.
..... Mechanical reproduction lacks this original character because
it is not based on an original realization concept, but is produced
in a conventional printing process. 
It will be obvious that the 'kopperprent 2002' and the calendars
of recent years that Joseph Johannes Visser made on the presses
of Drukkerij Douma Dokkum are original graphic art. He made the
offset press 'free' by not conforming to the conventional work
process in the printing business. He uses the workshop of Drukkerij
Douma Dokkum as his studio.
Aan deze kalender werkten ook de vertalers
Jantsje Post en Oep Elbers mee.
De teksten zijn opgenomen in de pagina met gedichten van Joseph
J. Visser.
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